Configure sudo To Send E-mail
sudo sandwich (Photo credit: Dan Harrelson)
Sudo can be configured to send e-mail when the sudo command is used. Open /etc/sudoers file, enter:
# vi /etc/sudoers
Configure alter email id:
mailto "admin@staff.example.com" mail_always on
Where,
- mailto “admin@staff.example.com” : Your email id.
- mail_always : Send mail to the mailto user every time a users runs sudo. This flag is off by default.
Additional options:
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| mail_badpass | Send mail to the mailto user if the user running sudo does not enter the correct password. This flag is off by default. |
| mail_no_host | If set, mail will be sent to the mailto user if the invoking user exists in the sudoers file, but is not allowed to run commands on the current host. This flag is off by default. |
| mail_no_perms | If set, mail will be sent to the mailto user if the invoking user is allowed to use sudo but the command they are trying is not listed in their sudoers file entry or is explicitly denied. This flag is off by default. |
| mail_no_user | If set, mail will be sent to the mailto user if the invoking user is not in the sudoers file. This flag is on by default. |
Sudo Logfile
By default, sudo logs vis syslog. You can see sudo log in /var/log/auth.log (Debian / Ubuntu) or /var/log/secure (Redhat and friends). However, you can set the path to the sudo log file (not the syslog log file). Setting a path turns on logging to a file; negating this option turns it off. Type the following command to edit the file:
# sudoedit /etc/sudoers
Set path to log file:
Defaults !lecture,tty_tickets,!fqdn,!syslog Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo.log
Save and close the file. To see logs type:
# tail -f /var/log/sudo.log
# egrep -i 'foo' /var/log/sudo.log
# egrep -i 'user1|user2|cmd2' /var/log/sudo.log
Sample Outputs:
Jul 1 12:30:13 : vivek : TTY=pts/3 ; PWD=/home/vivek ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/bash
Jul 1 12:34:02 : vivek : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/vivek ; USER=root ;
COMMAND=sudoedit /etc/sudoers
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Fedora Linux 18 (Spherical Cow)
Fedora Linux version 18 has been released and available for download. Fedora Linux is a community based Linux distribution. Fedora Linux is considered as the third most popular Linux distribution, behind Ubuntu and Mint for desktop usage. The new version comes with several new features such as – an installer that is rewritten and redesigned from the ground up, GNOME v3.6, KDE v4.9, Xfce v4.10, better network security with firewalld, Linux kernel v3.6, Python v3.3, Ruby on Rails v3.0, and much more.
What’s New In Fedora 18
- Updated installer : The anaconda installer has been totally redesigned for Fedora 18. Users will now have more flexibility in how they configure their installation. Some tasks will run in the background to speed the installation process.
- 256 color terminals – Many terminal programs (like vim and ls) can take advantage of 256 color terminals, and all xterms I know of support at least 256 colors and sometimes more.
- Fedup tool – It is a new tool for upgrading Fedora installations that is replacing preupgrade and the DVD methods of upgrading that have been used in earlier Fedora releases. It uses systemd for much of the upgrade functionality and will eventually be able to source packages from a DVD and use the standard repository instead of an upgrade specific side repo. In other words, it is possible to install fedup on an Fedora 17 system using yum (yum install fedup). Finally run the fedup-cli command to prepare the upgrade using fedup-cli --network 18 --debuglog fedupdebug.log command.
- UEFI Secure Boot – This will allow Fedora to boot on systems that have Secure Boot enabled. Tools are available for administrators to create custom certificates to sign local changes to GRUB or the kernel.
- Secure Containers (LXC Container) – Using SELinux and virt-sandbox, services can be run in secure sandboxes, even as root. The virt-sandbox-service package will create mount points and a libvirt container.
- Samba 4 – It is a combined set of daemons, client utilities, and Python bindings that allow communicating using SMB1, SMB2, and soon SMB3 protocols. It also implements Active Directory domain controller (DC) functionality as an integrated Kerberos DC, LDAP server, DNS server, and SMB/CIFS server.
- /tmp on tmpfs – This is a security and power saving feature. By default, /tmp on Fedora 18 will be on a tmpfs. Storage of large temporary files should be done in /var/tmp. This will reduce the I/O generated on disks, increase SSD lifetime, save power, and improve performance of the /tmp filesystem.
- Syscall filters – Syscall filtering is a security mechanism that allows applications to define which syscalls they should be allowed to execute.
- Perl v5.16 – Upgrade to Perl 5.16 as brings a lot of changes.
- OpenStack – This is an open source cloud computing platform. It lets you set up your own cloud infrastructure, similar to public clouds like Amazon EC2, Azure, etc. Fedora 18 comes with OpenStack “Folsom”.
- Eucalyptus – It is a cloud computing software platform for on-premise (private) Infrastructure as a Service clouds. It uses existing infrastructure to create scalable and secure AWS-compatible cloud resources for compute, network and storage.
- Web Servers – The Apache httpd package has been upgraded to version 2.4.3-1, which has many security and performance fixes. The lighttpd package has been upgraded to version 1.4.32-2.
- Cinnamon – Fedora users now have the option of using Cinnamon, an advanced desktop environment based on GNOME3.
- MATE desktop – This destop brings back a classic, intuitive, and easy to use desktop that users have been long requesting.
- NetworkManager now supports an enhanced Hotspot – This allows Internet connection sharing mode for Wi-Fi, which enables a much smoother connection sharing experience and is better supported by hardware. This mode is automatically enabled only for new connections to make sure existing configurations are unchanged.
- And much more. See Fedora 18 release note for more information.
Fedora 18 Screenshots
Control Panel
Fedora Gnome Applications
Fedora Linux 18 Default Desktop
Fedora 18 DVD ISO download
You can download Fedora Linux 18 via the web/ftp server or via BitTorrent (recommended). The following DVD iso images are in live media format:
Download Fedora 18 GNOME live desktop dvd iso version
Download Fedora 18 KDE live desktop dvd iso version
Download Fedora 18 LXDE version
Download Fedora 18 Xfce version
See the release page and installation notes page for further information.
Related articles
- Fedora 18 Spherical Cow brings Linux fans a taste of Cinnamon, new installer (engadget.com)
- Fedora 18 Officially Released for IBM System z 64-bit (news.softpedia.com)
- Fedora 18 Spherical Cow released (liliputing.com)
- Alan Cox – Fedora 18 seems to be the worst Red Hat distro I’ve ever seen (plus.google.com)
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Netflix Finally Comes to Ubuntu
Ubuntu: Watching Netflix on Linux has always been a pain, since Microsoft Silverlight isn’t available on Linux. The unofficial Netflix app for Ubuntu makes it easy to install Netflix and start watching movies right away.
The app basically packages WINE and Netflix into a simple little desktop app, which you can install through a simple Ubuntu repository. It’ll take up a fair amount of space on your system, but at least you’ll finally be able to stream movies to that Linux-based home theater PC, or your laptop running Ubuntu. All you need to do is run the following two commands, one after the other:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ehoover/compholio
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install netflix-desktop
After it finishes installing (give it a few minutes), you can hop into Ubuntu’s Dash and search for “Netflix Desktop,” or launch it from the terminal with netflix-desktop. The first time you launch, it’ll do some extra installation work, but when it’s done, it’ll launch in full screen mode and let you start watching movies. To exit full screen mode, just press F11 (though you can also exit the app entirely with Alt+F4).
Right now, it looks like you can only install the app on Ubuntu, but hopefully some nice folks will find ways to install it on other Linux-based systems. Hit the link to read more.
PPA for Netflix Desktop App | IHeartUbuntu
RobDurdle.com 
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